Zitholele ubuhle bamapayipi ensimbi engagqwali avela empilweni emnandi yaseJapan

I-Japan, ngaphezu kokuba izwe elifanekiselwa isayensi esezingeni eliphezulu, futhi iyizwe elinezidingo eziphakeme zokuthuthuka emkhakheni wempilo yasekhaya. Sithatha insimu yamanzi okuphuza nsuku zonke njengesibonelo, iJapane yaqala ukusebenzisaamapayipi ensimbi engagqwalinjengamapayipi okuhambisa amanzi emadolobheni ngo-1982. Namuhla, ingxenye yamapayipi amanzi ensimbi engagqwali asetshenziswa eTokyo, eJapan iphezulu njengoba ingaphezu kwama-95%.

Kungani iJapane isebenzisa amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali ngezinga elikhulu emkhakheni wokuthuthwa kwamanzi okuphuza?

Ngaphambi kuka-1955, amapayipi anothayela ayevame ukusetshenziswa kumapayipi ompompi okuhambisa amanzi eTokyo, eJapane. Kusukela ngo-1955 kuya ku-1980, amapayipi epulasitiki namapayipi ayinhlanganisela yensimbi-yepulasitiki asetshenziswa kabanzi. Nakuba izinkinga zezinga lamanzi kanye nezinkinga zokuvuza kwamapayipi kathayela zixazululiwe kancane, ukuvuza kunethiwekhi yokuphakelwa kwamanzi e-Tokyo kusekubi kakhulu, njengoba izinga lokuvuza lifinyelela ku-40% -45% ngendlela engamukelekile ngeminyaka yawo-1970.

I-Tokyo Water Supply Bureau yenze ucwaningo olunzulu ngezinkinga zokuvuza kwamanzi iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10. Ngokohlaziyo, ukuvuza kwamanzi okungama-60.2% kubangelwa amandla anganele ezinto zamapayipi amanzi namandla angaphandle, kanti u-24.5% wokuvuza kwamanzi ubangelwa ukuklama okungenangqondo kokuhlangana kwamapayipi. U-8.0% wokuvuza kwamanzi udalwa ukuklanywa komzila wamapayipi ngendlela engenangqondo ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokunwetshwa kwamapulasitiki.

Kuze kube manje, i-Japan Waterworks Association incoma ukuthi kwenziwe ngcono izinto zamapayipi amanzi nezindlela zokuxhuma. Kusukela ngoMeyi 1980, wonke amapayipi amanzi anobubanzi obungaphansi kwama-50 mm ukusuka kumzila omkhulu wamanzi osizayo ukuya kumitha yamanzi azosebenzisa amapayipi amanzi ensimbi engagqwali, amalunga amapayipi, izindololwane kanye nompompi.

Ngokwezibalo zoMnyango Wokuphakelwa Kwamanzi waseTokyo, njengoba izinga lokusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali lenyuka lisuka ku-11% ngo-1982 laya ngaphezu kuka-90% ngo-2000, inani lokuvuza kwamanzi ngokufanayo lehla lisuka ngaphezu kuka-50,000 ngonyaka ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970 laya ku-2. -3 ngo-2000. , ixazulule ngokuyisisekelo inkinga yokuvuza kwamapayipi amanzi okuphuza kubahlali.

Namuhla eTokyo, eJapane, kufakwe amapayipi amanzi ensimbi engagqwali kuzo zonke izindawo zokuhlala, okuthuthukise kakhulu izinga lamanzi nokumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba. Kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwamapayipi amanzi ensimbi engagqwali e-Japan, singathola ukuthi izinzuzo zamapayipi amanzi ensimbi engagqwali mayelana nokuvikelwa kwemvelo okuluhlaza, ukongiwa kwezinsiza, nempilo kanye nenhlanzeko akungabazeki.

Ezweni lakithi, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali ayesetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko embonini yezempi. Ngemva kweminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-30 yentuthuko, ubuchwepheshe bomkhiqizo buye baba ngcono kakhulu, futhi kancane kancane buye bangena emkhakheni wezokuthutha ngamanzi okuphuza, futhi buye bakhuthazwa ngamandla nguhulumeni. Ngomhla ziyi-15 kuNhlaba wezi-2017, uMnyango Wezezindlu Nokuthuthukiswa Kwezindawo Zasemadolobheni-Makhaya wase-China ukhiphe “Ipayipi Lamanzi Okuphuza Aqondile Lezakhiwo Nezindawo Zokuhlala” Imithetho Yobuchwepheshe Yesistimu”, ebeka ukuthi amapayipi kufanele enziwe ngamapayipi ensimbi engagqwali ekhwalithi ephezulu. Ngaphansi kwaleli fomu, i-China ibelethe iqembu labamele amabhizinisi kahulumeni kanye namabhizinisi azimele anamakhono aphakeme kwezobuchwepheshe.