IJapane, ngaphezu kokuba yizwe elifanekiselwa yisayensi esezingeni eliphezulu, futhi iyizwe elinezidingo eziphezulu zobuchwepheshe emkhakheni wempilo yasekhaya. Uma sibheka insimu yamanzi okuphuza yansuku zonke njengesibonelo, iJapane yaqala ukusebenzisaamapayipi ensimbi engagqwalinjengamapayipi amanzi asemadolobheni ngo-1982. Namuhla, isilinganiso samapayipi amanzi ensimbi engagqwali asetshenziswa eTokyo, eJapane siphezulu kakhulu singaphezu kuka-95%.
Kungani iJapan isebenzisa amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali ngezinga elikhulu emkhakheni wokuthutha amanzi okuphuza?
Ngaphambi kuka-1955, amapayipi e-galvanized ayevame ukusetshenziswa emapayipini okuhambisa amanzi empompini eTokyo, eJapane. Kusukela ngo-1955 kuya ku-1980, amapayipi epulasitiki namapayipi e-composite ensimbi-plastiki ayesetshenziswa kabanzi. Nakuba izinkinga zekhwalithi yamanzi nezinkinga zokuvuza kwamapayipi e-galvanized sezixazululwe ngokwengxenye, ukuvuza kunethiwekhi yokuphakelwa kwamanzi eTokyo kuseyinto embi kakhulu, kanti izinga lokuvuza lifinyelela ku-40%-45% engamukeleki ngawo-1970.
I-Tokyo Water Supply Bureau yenze ucwaningo olunzulu ngezinkinga zokuvuza kwamanzi iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10. Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa, ama-60.2% okuvuza kwamanzi abangelwa amandla anganele ezinto zombhobho wamanzi kanye namandla angaphandle, kanti ama-24.5% okuvuza kwamanzi abangelwa ukwakheka okungafanele kwamajoyinti epayipi. Ama-8.0% okuvuza kwamanzi abangelwa ukwakheka komzila wepayipi okungafanele ngenxa yesilinganiso esiphezulu sokwanda kwamapulasitiki.
Ngenxa yalokhu, i-Japan Waterworks Association incoma ukuthuthukisa izinto zombhobho wamanzi nezindlela zokuxhuma. Kusukela ngoMeyi 1980, wonke amapayipi okuhambisa amanzi anobubanzi obungaphansi kwama-50 mm ukusuka entanjeni yamanzi eyisizayo kuya emitha yamanzi azosebenzisa amapayipi amanzi ensimbi engagqwali, amajoyinti amapayipi, izindololwane kanye namapayipi.
Ngokwezibalo ezivela eMnyangweni Wokuphakelwa Kwamanzi waseTokyo, njengoba izinga lokusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali landa lisuka ku-11% ngo-1982 laya ngaphezu kuka-90% ngo-2000, inani lokuvuza kwamanzi lehla ngokufanayo lisuka ngaphezu kuka-50,000 ngonyaka ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970 laya ku-2-3 ngo-2000. , yaxazulula ngokuyisisekelo inkinga yamapayipi amanzi okuphuza avuzayo kubantu abahlala khona.
Namuhla eTokyo, eJapane, kufakwe amapayipi amanzi ensimbi engagqwali kuzo zonke izindawo zokuhlala, okuye kwathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yamanzi kanye nokumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba. Kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwamapayipi amanzi ensimbi engagqwali eJapane, singathola ukuthi izinzuzo zamapayipi amanzi ensimbi engagqwali maqondana nokuvikelwa kwemvelo okuluhlaza, ukulondolozwa kwezinsiza, kanye nempilo kanye nokuhlanzeka azinakuphikwa.
Ezweni lakithi, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali ekuqaleni ayesetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezempi. Ngemva kweminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-30 yentuthuko, ubuchwepheshe bomkhiqizo buthuthuke kakhulu, futhi kancane kancane bungene emkhakheni wokuthutha amanzi okuphuza, futhi bukhuthazwe ngamandla nguhulumeni. Ngomhlaka-15 Meyi 2017, uMnyango Wezezindlu Nokuthuthukiswa Kwamadolobha Nasemaphandleni waseShayina wakhipha i-“Direct Drinking Water Pipeline for Buildings and Residential Areas” System Technical Regulations”, ebeka ukuthi amapayipi kufanele enziwe ngamapayipi ensimbi engagqwali asezingeni eliphezulu. Ngaphansi kwalolu hlobo, iShayina ibelethe iqembu labamele amabhizinisi kahulumeni namabhizinisi azimele anamakhono aphezulu obuchwepheshe.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-21-2024